Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone is a Major Glucocorticoid Hormone (Steroid Hormone) which is synthesized from cholesterol by the adrenal gland located above the kidneys.
Cortisol hormone supports the following systems of the human body:
Cortisol hormone is normally produced throughout the day. It is secreted maximally early in the morning and gradually decreases to lower levels until early afternoon.
Cortisol is an important hormone which mediates the fight-or-flight response in humans. The body releases cortisol to pause certain bodily functions such as growth processes, reproductive system, and immune response. On the other hand, cortisol also contributes to some of the essential functions of the human body such as
A Cortisol blood test may be advised to diagnose disorders of the adrenal glands such as Addison’s disease or Cushing’s syndrome or to monitor the effectiveness of therapy for these disorders. Disorders of the adrenal glands may have serious complications if not addressed and treated timely since cortisol directly or indirectly acts on every organ or tissue of the body.
Since Cortisol levels vary at different times of the day, the timing at which blood sample is collected is important. A blood cortisol test is usually done in the morning when the levels are highest. Your doctor may, however, schedule your cortisol blood test at two different times in a day – one early in the morning and one in the afternoon when the Cortisol levels are much lower.
A Cortisol Blood Test May Need The Following Preparations
Certain medicines may have to be stopped at least 24-48 hours before the test. Some medications which may alter blood cortisol levels and give incorrect results include
[Read – Blood Tests That Require Fasting List]
The cortisol blood test requires the collection of the blood sample.
Reference Range For Blood Cortisol Levels Is
Early morning (6-8 am): 10 – 20 microgram per deciliter (mcg/dl)
Afternoon (around 4 pm): 3 – 10 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dl)
We already know that cortisol levels in the blood are different at different times of the day. Apart from the timing of blood sample collection, cortisol test results tend to be influenced by or even depend upon several factors such as:
Any cortisol blood test result below or above the normal reference range is considered to be abnormal and needs to be addressed immediately.
High levels of cortisol in the blood are diagnostic of Cushing’s syndrome. However, high levels do not necessarily mean that you have an abnormally functioning adrenal gland.
High Cortisol Levels Can Also Be Present Under Certain Other Conditions Such As
Altered cortisol levels are also often found among individuals who work in night shifts. An altered circadian cycle is also known to influence blood cortisol levels.
If blood cortisol levels are not normal, your doctor may advise some more blood, urine or radiological tests to diagnose the underlying cause for abnormal test results. A CT scan or an MRI may also be advised which will help to view the adrenal glands, pituitary gland or tumors to understand the possible causes for the abnormal secretion of cortisol.
Dr. Himanshi is a Homoeopathic consultant and currently working as a lecturer in Post-graduate faculty of Homeopathy, Parul University, Vadodara. Completed BHMS and MD in Homeopathy in January 2018 and also has a clinical experience of about 6 years. Personal interests include reading, spending time with family and traveling.
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