Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex, and it can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth. Syphilis is a multi-stage disease, and it can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. If left untreated, syphilis can lead to serious complications, such as brain damage, blindness, and organ damage.
Symptoms of syphilis may vary depending on the stage of the disease, but they may include:
- Painless sores on the genitals, mouth, or anus
- Rash on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat
- Hair loss
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
If left untreated, syphilis can progress to the latent (hidden) stage, in which there are no symptoms. It can then progress to the tertiary (late) stage, in which serious complications can occur.
Diagnosis of syphilis is typically based on the presence of symptoms and a laboratory test to confirm the presence of the bacterium.
Treatment of syphilis typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacterium. It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated. In cases of late-stage syphilis, more aggressive treatment may be necessary.
Syphilis can be prevented through safe sexual practices, such as using condoms and practicing monogamy. It is also important to get tested regularly for STIs and to inform your sexual partners if you have an STI so that they can also get tested and treated if necessary. If you are experiencing symptoms of syphilis or have been exposed to an infected individual, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Follow the recommendations of your healthcare provider and public health officials to help protect yourself and others from syphilis.
