Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a group of rare and often severe diseases that are caused by viruses that attack the body’s circulatory system. VHF can cause bleeding from the mouth, nose, gums, and other body openings, and can lead to shock and organ failure. VHF is most commonly found in Africa, but it can occur anywhere in the world.

There are several types of VHF, including:

• Ebola virus disease
• Marburg virus disease
• Lassa fever
• Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
• Yellow fever

Symptoms of VHF may include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscular pain
• Weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Rash
• Bleeding

VHF can lead to serious complications, such as shock, organ failure, and death. The risk of complications and death is higher in older adults and in people with underlying health conditions.

Diagnosis of VHF is typically based on the presence of symptoms and a history of exposure to infected individuals or animals, or travel to an area where VHF is present. It may also involve laboratory tests to confirm the presence of the virus.

Treatment of VHF is supportive, focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include medications to control fever and pain, and measures to prevent the spread of infection to others. There are no specific treatments for many types of VHF, and the risk of death is high.

VHF can be prevented through the use of vaccines for certain types of VHF, such as yellow fever, and through the implementation of infection control measures, such as wearing protective clothing and using disinfectants. If you have been exposed to an individual with VHF or have traveled to an area where VHF is present, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Follow the recommendations of your healthcare provider and public health officials to help reduce the risk of infection and to protect yourself and others from VHF.