Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a type of Escherichia coli bacteria that produces toxins called Shiga toxins. EHEC infections are typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water, although person-to-person transmission can also occur. EHEC infections can range from mild to severe and can lead to serious complications, such as kidney failure and death.
Symptoms of EHEC infection
Symptoms of EHEC infection appear two to eight days after ingestion of contaminated food or water and include:
- Watery diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
In severe cases, EHEC infection leads to complications, such as:
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a condition that affects the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a condition that affects the blood and can lead to anemia and low platelets
Diagnosis of EHEC infection
EHEC infection is typically diagnosed based on the presence of characteristic symptoms and a history of exposure to contaminated food or water. Laboratory testing, such as a stool culture, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of EHEC infection
Treatment for EHEC infection includes medications to manage symptoms, such as antidiarrheal drugs and fluids to prevent dehydration. In certain cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide supportive care, such as dialysis for kidney failure.
Prevention of EHEC infection
There are several steps that can help to reduce the risk of EHEC infection, including:
- Practicing good hygiene: Washing hands with soap and water, particularly after using the bathroom and before preparing food, can help to reduce the risk of infection.
- Cooking food thoroughly: It is important to cook food, particularly meat, thoroughly to kill any bacteria that is present.
- Avoiding raw or undercooked meat: It is important to avoid raw or undercooked meat, as well as unpasteurized milk and cheese, to reduce the risk of EHEC infection.
- Washing fruits and vegetables: It is important to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly to remove any bacteria that are present.
It is also important to follow guidelines from public health authorities and to seek medical attention if you develop symptoms of EHEC infection. Early diagnosis and treatment helps to prevent complications.
